Иерархия классов для встроенных исключений такова:
BaseException +-- BaseExceptionGroup +-- GeneratorExit +-- KeyboardInterrupt +-- SystemExit +-- Exception +-- ArithmeticError | +-- FloatingPointError | +-- OverflowError | +-- ZeroDivisionError +-- AssertionError +-- AttributeError +-- BufferError +-- EOFError +-- ExceptionGroup [BaseExceptionGroup] +-- ImportError | +-- ModuleNotFoundError +-- LookupError | +-- IndexError | +-- KeyError +-- MemoryError +-- NameError | +-- UnboundLocalError +-- OSError | +-- BlockingIOError | +-- ChildProcessError | +-- ConnectionError | | +-- BrokenPipeError | | +-- ConnectionAbortedError | | +-- ConnectionRefusedError | | +-- ConnectionResetError | +-- FileExistsError | +-- FileNotFoundError | +-- InterruptedError | +-- IsADirectoryError | +-- NotADirectoryError | +-- PermissionError | +-- ProcessLookupError | +-- TimeoutError +-- ReferenceError +-- RuntimeError | +-- NotImplementedError | +-- RecursionError +-- StopAsyncIteration +-- StopIteration +-- SyntaxError | +-- IndentationError | +-- TabError +-- SystemError +-- TypeError +-- ValueError | +-- UnicodeError | +-- UnicodeDecodeError | +-- UnicodeEncodeError | +-- UnicodeTranslateError +-- Warning +-- BytesWarning +-- DeprecationWarning +-- EncodingWarning +-- FutureWarning +-- ImportWarning +-- PendingDeprecationWarning +-- ResourceWarning +-- RuntimeWarning +-- SyntaxWarning +-- UnicodeWarning +-- UserWarning